Popular Science Monthly 



Joininq of layers applied 

 at different times 



plastering-like method in which a very 

 dense but fluid mixture of cement is shot 

 into place by means ,of compressed air. 

 The former type is the most common and 

 may be made with or without 

 double-bottoms, or with single 

 or dual hulls separated by 

 an air space which 

 may or may not be 

 employed to carry 

 fuel or water ballast. 

 Both types of con- 

 struction are shown in 

 the accompanying 

 perspective and de- 

 tailed sketches. 



How the Ships Will 

 Be Built 



The method by 

 which the concrete is 

 shot into place by 

 means of compressed 

 air as advocated by 

 Carl Weber, a con- 

 crete engineer of 

 Chicago, is really an 

 adaptation of the 

 "cement gun" process 

 previously described 

 in the Popular Sci- 

 ence Monthly. This 



method makes use of a light steel frame- 

 work for the vessel. To this framework are 

 attached a series of re-enforcing rods carry- 

 ing wire mesh or other flexible re-enforcing, 

 each of which is., in turn covered , by thin 

 layers of concrete forced against one another 

 in the applying so that the whole is a ho- 

 mogeneous mass of such a nature that the 

 line of joining one layer with the next 

 cannot be detected if the slab is cut across. 

 The details of all of these methods are 

 shown in the ac- 

 companying il- 

 lustrations. 



The great ad- 

 vantage of the 

 compressed-air 

 method of shoot- 

 ing the concrete 

 inio place, is that 

 it eliminates al- 

 most one-half of 

 the wood or steel 

 forms necessary 

 if the ordinary 

 pouring method 

 is pursued. This 



The T-irons, spacer bars, hooked rods and wire mesh 

 of a shot-into-place concrete boat are shown. The 

 three vertical lines between the ragged lines indicating 

 the wire mesh show roughly the thickness of each layer 



559 



is an important advantage because of the 

 first cost of the forms; their difficulty of 

 construction due to the unusual shapes at 

 the extreme front and rear ends of the vessel 

 and the cost of setting up the 

 forms and moving them from 

 point to point on the vessel 

 after they have been re- 

 moved from sections already 

 poured and hardened. 

 The advocates of 

 the pouring method 

 have planned to over- 

 come the difficulty 

 and cost of moving 

 the forms by devising 

 a cheap, steel frame- 

 work both inside and 

 outside of the vessel 

 along which the forms 

 may be pushed with- 

 out lowering them to 

 the ground. 



Unusual-shaped 

 forms for the forward 

 and rear ends of the ves- 

 sel may be provided 

 by the use of collapsi- 

 ble steel forms such as 

 are used in bridge 

 culvert work. 



Vertical mesh 

 holding rods 



Spacer bar 



FratjisversesecTion 

 ugh concrete 



"•'"" hull 

 I st layer 2 n<J layer 3 rd and last layer 



A Section Through the Side 



The Chinese ambulance, 

 veyance in which pigs 



Clang! Clang! Make Way for the 

 Chinese Ambulance 



ONE of the reasons why the people of 

 the Occident are generally disposed to 

 agree. with Bret Hart that "the heathen 

 Chinee is peculiar" is the unusual method 

 of the Chinese in handling the sick. Notice 

 the ambulance in the photograph, in which 

 a dying man is being transported. It is of 

 wicker basketry of the same type as 

 that used for 

 conveying pigs 

 and poultry to 

 market. 



Crude as this 

 type of convey- 

 ance seems, no 

 rubber-tired 

 automobile could 

 travel with less 

 jolting. The car- 

 riers work in re- 

 lays, going slowly, 

 with a kind of 

 swing, and rest- 



It is just like the con- 

 are taken to market 



ing at intervals. 



