Popular Science Monthly 



691 



immediately adjacent on each side. The 

 five steel castings consist of one extending 

 clear across the vessel at the bottom and 

 forming the inner bottom for water ballast 

 or-f uel oil ; two identical side castings, each 

 extending from the top of the double- 

 bottom unit to 

 the upper deck, 

 and two cast-steel 

 deck - beam sec- 

 tions, one for each 

 deck. The six 

 welds in each 

 transverse sec- 

 tion are made be- 

 tween the two 

 deck beams and 

 the vertical side 

 casting and be-' 

 tween it and the 

 double-bottom 

 on each side, giv- 

 ing three welds to 

 each of the trans- 

 verse sections, a 

 total of six in each of the five castings. 

 , The thirty-foot ship side castings and the 

 fifty-five-foot double-bottom unit may seem 

 unwieldy, but equally large and more diffi- 

 cult castings, such as battleship stem 



Examples of Electric Welding 

 Note the V-shaped groove cut in the rectangular piece in the 

 foreground. Note also in the piece of steel in the left back- 

 ground, how the roughness of the weld may be ground off so 

 that the position of the welded place will not be noticeable 



pieces, rudder posts, etc., have been success- 

 fully turned out for many years past. Cast 

 steel has driven out the riveted forms of 

 locomotive tender bed-frames, car truck 

 frames, vestibule ends for steel cars and Pull- 

 man coaches, etc., where excessive vibration 

 has caused the 

 rivets to loosen 

 and where abnor- 

 mal strains, such 

 as must be en- 

 countered by 

 ships in a heavy 

 sea, have bent the 

 rolled steel frames 

 and necessitated 

 costly repairs and 

 overhauling. 



The cast-steel 

 ship will have no 

 rivets, liners, lap 

 or butt joints in 

 the shell-plating, 

 bulkheads, 

 double bottoms, 



etc., and no frames, reverse frames or the 

 usual great number of angle irons and 

 brackets which go to make up the ordinary 

 fabricated ship. Some of the weight of 

 these various parts will be used to increase 



Castinqs 

 Solid centerline 



'Longitudinal weld 

 transverse weld on each 

 side of one section 



ate^" Midway solid-' Nntermediate open stiffeners shown cut 

 Sstinqstiffener oSffeners casting It.ffener off close to solid transverse member 



A Perspective Transverse Cross-Section of the Cast-Iron Ship 



The five major castings from which the srflp will be made are the double-bottom casting, the two vertical side castings, 

 one on either side, and the two cast-iron deck sections. Note the strengthening ribs in the side castings, somewhat 

 similar to those used in the longitudinal method of ship construction, and the manner in which the rolled plates 

 welded on the top of the double-bottom and deck sections are employed to provide thoroughly water-tight floors 



