922 



Popular Science Monthly 



Comic Photographs Made With 

 Film Negatives 



SOME very interesting and simple comic 

 pictures can be made with old films and 

 film negatives in the following manner. 



The 

 film 



pen and ink picture 

 and the finished cc 



drawn on plain 

 >mic photograph 



The pen and ink part of the picture is 

 drawn upon an old film that has been thor- 

 oughly cleaned. This comic part may be 

 drawn in free hand with India ink. 



The head and shoulder part of a portrait 

 film is cut out on the outlines of the figures 

 and pasted on the comic film. These are 

 printed in the same manner as other 

 negatives. — C. Bush. 



Testing the Strength of Norway 

 Iron While Hot and Cold 



IRON made in Norway owes its fine 

 qualities to the exceptional purity of 

 the ores from which it is made, and the 

 care taken in its manufacture. The smelt- 

 ing is done with charcoal. The metal 

 has a purity of 99.8 per cent of iron, the 

 remainder being sulphur, slag, carbon, 

 silicon, manganese and phosphorus. This 

 iron is very low in sulphur and phosphorus, 

 the two ingredients which modern manu- 

 facturers strive to keep as low as possible 

 in their product. 



Sulphur makes iron brittle when hot, 

 thus causing it to break in the rolls. Phos- 

 phorus, on the other hand, makes iron 

 brittle when colcf and interferes with its 

 strength and ductility' in bending. Norway 

 iron, on account of its exceptional purity, 

 has come to be recognized as the world's 

 standard, to which the quality of all 

 other irons is comparea. 



A round bar of Norway iron will stand 

 the severest cold bending test. You can 

 bend and hammer it back on itself, and 



then bend and hammer it at a right angle 

 to its previous position so that one part 

 is touching another. The iron will show 

 no signs of cracking at the bends. One bar 

 of this metal was tied into a knot while 

 hot, and showed no signs of cracking at 

 the bends. Cracking at the bends when the 

 iron is hot is due to sulphur. When pulled 

 apart in a testing machine, this iron showed 

 a very fibrous fracture. Steel made from 

 Norway iron by the crucible process 

 makes the finest kinds of razors, tools, etc., 

 which keep their edges sharp for a long 

 time. It is a metal that can be depended 

 upon in every respect. — W. S. Standiford. 



A Protection Curtain for a 

 Mechanic's Work Bench 



IN a large railway shop heavy cloth 

 screens are provided on the work benches 

 around devices which are used by metal 

 workers, especially in cases where babbitt 

 or other soft metal is removed from arma- 

 tures. This protects passing workmen or 

 bystanders from flying pieces of metal. 

 The curtain also tends to confine the chips 

 to the bench and keep them from littering 

 the surrounding floor space. 



The curtain is extended on a frame made 

 from two upright round iron bars, con- 

 nected by another iron bar. From this 

 connecting bar rods extend which are of 



Protecting passing workmen or bystanders 

 from flying pieces of chipped metal 



sufficient length to carry the curtain across 

 the bench. 



This is an inexpensive but effective 

 arrangement for the purpose and could 

 easily be adopted for other uses of a 

 similar nature. — Ralph O. McGraw. 



