18k Canadian Arctic Expedition, 191 3-1 S 



fly, which grows beneath the hide during winter. On the Cape Parry peninsula 

 the coast begins to show outcrops of dolomite in the low cliffs. (PI. VIII, 

 fig. 1). 



The coast around Young point is exceedingly stony, with dolomite outcrops 

 or low cliffs with much debris and gravel. Near the beach, vegetation is en- 

 tirely absent, but, inland, mosses and lichens are developed, especially in moist 

 places. Here and there a few tufts of Dry as integrifolia or Saxifraga tricuspidata 

 are seen. Farther inland, vegetation is more apparent, mainly around ponds 

 and in the connecting tundra. 



At Young point insect life was similar to but less rich than at Bernard 

 harbour. On July 18, 1916, the weather was cloudy or overcast. The following 

 insects, etc., were observed: — 



Diptera: Aedes nearcticus 

 Rhamphomyia conservativa 

 Aricia borealis 

 Bombus kirbyellus 

 (Mite) Bdella arctica 

 Spiders (a few) 

 Fairy shrimps (Branchinecta pahulosa) 



Vegetation and insect life in the cape Bexley area are exceedingly poor, 

 probably very similar to Young point. A few specimens were collected 

 here in May, 1915, viz., a small spider and fly from under a stone, and some 

 midge larvae and small dipterous pupae among green algse at the beach. 



BERNARD HARBOUR — -COCKBURN POINT AREA 



Generally speaking the coast becomes gradually lower from cape Bexley 

 to east of Bernard harbour, and the outcrops of limestone or dolomite are first 

 found some distance inland. At Cockburn point the coast is low and flat and 

 composed of gravel, limestone fragments and boulders. The country inland 

 is similar to that at Bernard harbour, with boulder- strewn ridges of sand and 

 gravel running out from the higher land behind. The more eastern of two 

 small islands (Pihumalerksiak of the Eskimos) about a mile off Cockburn point 

 was visited in the middle of July, 1916, and some details about its natural 

 features learned. The other island is quite similar. 



The island is about 12 feet above sea-level, and is composed of dolomitic 

 limestone, which crops out as flat beds on the north side of the island, but other- 

 wise the rock is mostly covered by gravel and vegetation. The vegetation grows 

 around small ponds (probably all dried up in August), or moss-bogs, or around 

 the boulders, and at the stone heaps (meat-caches) made by visiting Eskimos, 

 where the plants often attain a luxuriant growth. Otherwise, only patches and 

 tufts of plants are found here and there; generally speaking the vegetation is 

 rather scarce and stunted, except in the shelter of the smaller cliffs. 



The entomological results were limited to a small sawfly imago and the com- 

 mon, white collembola under stones and driftwood. In the wet moss were 

 secured other dark-blue collembola (Achorutes armatus) and some oligochaete 

 worms (Mesenchytraeus, Henlea, Enchytraeus sp.), beside the mite Calumna 

 lucens. There can, of course, be no doubt that at least the larger and more 

 powerful flying insects often visit the island, or may even live there, but the 

 inclement weather at the time of the expedition's visit militated against insect 

 life. 



The character of the country at Bernard harbour proper (including Chantry 

 island), is well shown on the contour map prepared by the southern party of the 

 expedition. 



