JUNE 141 



place of a man called Wulf. In Scotland, where wolves 

 did not finally disappear till well on in the eighteenth 

 century, there remains abundant testimony of their 

 presence. The commonest Gaelic name was madadh, 

 pronounced ' maddy ' or ' maddoo ' ; and inland names 

 like Blairmoddie, Craigmaddie, Clayrnoddie, Drum- 

 moddie may be safely interpreted as the field, the crag, 

 the hole, and the ridge of the wolves. But whereas 

 the Gael has a puzzling way of aspirating the initial 

 labials in the genitive case, the word sometimes 

 becomes indistinguishable from ' bada,' a boat. Thus 

 one cannot affirm confidently whether Slouchavaddie, 

 on the coast of Galloway, means the gully of the boat 

 or the wolfs den. The Wolfs Slock is a ravine in the 

 hills not many miles inland, and all through the 

 Border country one comes across Wolf Cleuch, Wolf- 

 hope, Wolflee, etc., denoting the ancient lairs of these 

 creatures. 



Much uncertainty prevails as to the latest date to 

 which wild boars survived in the British Isles. In 

 Anglo-Saxon and Norman times they were universally 

 distributed, being among the commonest beasts of the 

 chase. It is not surprising, therefore, to recognise 

 frequent allusion to them in our topography ; although 

 here again one must not be too positive about such a 

 name as Swindon and Swinton, which may either be 

 the swine's down, or S vein's stronghold. There can 

 be little doubt, however, about Swindale, Swinfield, 

 Swinford, Hogmer, Eversham, and Everley, the last 

 two representing the Anglo-Saxon eofar, a boar. All 

 over Ireland and Scotland, too, one meets with such 



