December 



LXII 



NOBODY can devote much attention to the processes 

 The perpetu- f Nature without being impressed by the 

 ation of solicitude shown by her general manager for 

 the perpetuation of species by reproduction, 

 the bewildering variety of devices provided to that end, 

 and the absolute indifference manifested in regard to 

 their effect, whether injurious or beneficial, upon 

 individuals. Predacity and parasitism are dominant 

 features in the general scheme, comprehending both 

 the animal and vegetable kingdoms ; but it is not upon 

 these agencies as mere means of sustenance that the 

 following reflections are based, only upon their effect in 

 securing a succession of generations. Some of the 

 expedients are of exceeding cruelty, according to 

 human ideas, as in the case of the numerous species of 

 ichneumon flies, which deposit eggs in the bodies of 

 other creatures, to be hatched into maggots which 

 devour the living tissues of their defenceless hosts. 

 Others attain the end in view by gentler methods, 

 securing mutual advantages to both parties in the 

 transaction. Thus many flowering plants ensure the 

 fecundating visits of flying insects by offering them a cup 



