loS DRIVING. 



tins, 3J. ; one stable broom, 3^. ; one cane basket (large), 4-y. ; one 

 fork, 3^. 6d. ; one corn sieve, 2s. 6d. ; one measure, is. ; one shovel, 

 3-r. ; one hair broom, 43. 6d. ; half bushel of sand, is. 6d. ; one keg of 

 olive oil soap, y. 6d. ; one flask of oil, is. ; one steel burnisher, 4^. 6d. ; 

 one brand for brushes, 5.$-. 6d. ; one stall brush, $s. ; one box boot-top 

 powder, 8d. ; six white rubbers, gs. ; six dusters, 4^. 6d. ; one bronze 

 brass staff, is. ; one pair of clogs, ns.6d. ; two bottles of blacking, 

 2s. ; Total, 87. 4^. $d. Horse clothing makes up about the I2/. 

 named. 



A suitable and competent groom will be well paid with 

 5<D/. a year, and the livery may be estimated at io/. ; horse's 

 keep, supposing that its owner has to buy all he wants, and 

 procures it under ordinary circumstances, may be put down 

 at i6s. a week, or 40!. a year, though it will be understood 

 that the price of forage varies. Every contingency cannot be 

 considered. Veterinary surgeons' bills may or may not be an 

 item, but the blacksmith will have to be paid for shoeing the 

 horse. The carriage will need attention, concerning which 

 there is a good deal to be said. 



The cost of repairs is affected by many considerations 

 apart from the question of accidents. Much depends upon 

 the owners and those who use the -carriage, much on the 

 coachman, and a great deal on the coach-house and stabling, 

 their arrangements and condition and the conveniences pro- 

 vided ; the state of the roads, the climate, and the effect of sea 

 breezes have also to be considered ; and, again, if the coach- 

 house be subject to the shade and drop of overhanging trees, 

 the carriage is influenced. Another question is the frequency 

 with which the vehicle is used. Some owners want a carriage 

 to go out two or three times or oftener every day, others two 

 or three times a week, and in the former case it may happen 

 that during the whole dirty and muddy six months of an 

 English winter the carriage is never really dry and clean. It 

 need scarcely be said that excessive use means wear and ex- 

 pense for repairs. Visits to balls and operas in the London 

 season are detrimental to carriages, for on returning at a very 



