84 EARLY MAN IN BRITAIN. [CHAP. iv. 



intermediate in the structure of its feet and teeth be- 

 tween the common horse and the hipparion, may per- 

 haps indicate that Pleiocenes of the Val d'Arno belong 

 to a later stage of evolution than those of Auvergne, in 

 which the Hipparion is discovered unaccompanied by its 

 descendant the horse. The third is a deer (Cervus di- 

 cranios of Nesti), with antlers so complicated that they 

 almost defy description (See Fig. 16). The view that 



FIG. 16. Cervus dicranios, Nesti, Val d'Arno, ^V 



these strata are of a later age than those of Auvergne is 

 rendered probable by the fact that a rhinoceros (R. 

 etruscus) and an elephant, identified by Dr. Falconer 

 in the former, are not known to be present in the latter. 

 Two kinds of monkeys, allied to the macaque of Barbary, 1 

 lived in the forests of the Val d'Arno, and two kinds of 

 beavers inhabited the streams. 



Pleiocene Mammalia in Britain. 



This rich and varied mammalian fauna is represented 

 very scantily by the water- worn fragments in the Eng- 

 lish Pleiocenes ; among which may be recognised the 



1 Macacus florentinus. Cocchi, Aulaxinus Bolettino Geologico, 3 and 4. 

 March and April 1872. Act. Soc. Ital. des Sc. Nat. xv. 1872. 



