96 EARLY MAN IN BRITAIN. [CHAP. v. 



Incoming Living Species of Temperate Habit. 



The incoming Pleistocene species, constituting the 

 second group, now found in the temperate zones of 

 Europe, Asia, and America, consist of animals of widely- 

 different habits and range. The musk shrew, now re- 

 stricted in Europe to the streams of southern Eussia, 

 and especially to the region of the Don and Volga, 

 haunted the rivers of Norfolk (Bacton) in the Pleistocene 

 age. The pouched marmot, now ranging eastwards from 

 Austria and Poland through southern Eussia, the Crimea, 

 and Siberia to Kamtchatka, hibernated in Wiltshire 

 (Fisherton) and in Somerset (Mendip Caves); and the 

 field vole of central Europe and western Siberia (Arvicola 

 arvalis) ranged as far to the west as Bath. At the 

 present time three species of pika or tailless hares in- 

 habit Siberia, of which one (Lagomys pusillus) lives as 

 far west as the Volga. In the Pleistocene age the genus 

 ranged as far to the west as Gibraltar, and the above- 

 mentioned species seems to me identical with the (La- 

 gomys spelceus) cave-pika of Brixham and Kent's Hole. 

 The saiga antelope, now found no farther to the west 

 than Poland, and most abundant in the region between 

 the Volga and the river Irtisch, south of 55 N. lat., 

 migrated as far to the west as Auvergne (Caves of the 

 Dordogne) ; and the fallow deer, now only indigenous in 

 the warm regions of the Mediterranean, wandered as far 

 north as Harwich, being represented by a variety (Cer- 



Mammalium, 8vo, Stutgart., 1830 ; Forsyth Major, Atti Soc. Tosc. Sc. Nat. 

 Pisa, iii. 1876-9 ; Murray, Geographical Distribution of Animals, 4to ; 

 Pallas, Zoograpliia Rosso- Asiatica, 3 vols. 4to, Spicilegia Zoologica, 4to, 

 1777 ; Pennant, Arctic Zoology, 2 vols. 4to, 1784 ; Owen, British Fossil 

 Mammalia, 8vo, 1846, Palaeontology, 8vo, 1860 ; Richardson, Sir John, 

 Fauna Boreali-Americana, 4to ; Zimmerman, Specimen Zoologies, 4to, 1777. 



