CHAP, v.] INCOMING ARCTIC SPECIES. 99 



this list is the man of the river deposits, or the Eiver- 

 drift man, who differs, as we shall presently see, both in 

 culture and in range, from the man of the caverns. 



Incoming Arctic Species. 



The third group to be considered consists of living 

 species of northern habit (see Fig. 24). 



Incoming Living Species of Northern Habit = 8. 



Kussian vole . . Arvicola ratticeps, Keys-u-Blas. 



Norwegian lemming Myodes torquatus, Pal. 



Arctic lemming . M. lemmus, L. 



Varying hare . . Lepus variabilis, Pal. 



Musk sheep . . Ovibos moschatus, Desm. 



Reindeer . . . Cervus tarandus, L. 



Arctic fox . . Canis lagopus, L. 



Glutton . . . Gulo luscus, L. 



The arctic lemming, an inhabitant of the circumpolar 

 regions of Asia and America, and not found farther south 

 in the latter continent than Unalaska in N. lat. 54, lived 

 in the Pleistocene age as far to the south as Quedlinburg 

 in Saxony, and the valley of the Loire in France, and 

 as far to the west as the caverns of the Mendip Hills ; 

 while the allied Norwegian species, now restricted to 

 the Scandinavian peninsula and Eussian Lapland, ranged 

 as far south into Germany as Saxony, and into England as 

 Somerset. The Eussian vole, also, of Scandinavia, Lap- 

 land, northern Eussia, and Kamtchatka, then lived in 

 Somersetshire; and the varying hare ( the Irish hare= 

 blue hare of Scotland), of the cold hilly districts of Britain 

 and of the continent, as well as northern Europe and 

 Asia as far as the Arctic Sea, has been discovered in the 

 caverns of Suabia (Fraas) and Switzerland (Mawdach). 



