CHAP, vi.] MAMMALIA IN EARLY PLEISTOCENE FORESTS. 127 



period, and, with the exception of the last, none are 

 now living on the earth. 



He would also have seen animals unknown in the 

 Pleiocene age, some extinct, while others now form 

 part of the fauna of temperate Europe and Asia. To 



FIG. 25. Cervus verticornis, Dawk., Forest Bed, . 



the former belong the great hairy mammoth (Fig. 

 22), the Irish elk, and two large deer (Cervus verti- 

 cornis, Fig. 25, and Cervus carnutorum), a large beaver 

 (Trogontherium), and the great cave bear, while the 

 latter are represented by many species. In the 

 woodlands and plains there were wild oxen (uri), stags, 

 and roe-deer ; in the rivers and streams, beavers and 



