CHAP, vi.] PHYSICAL RELATIONS OB 1 FOREST-BED. 129 



Beaver . ' f" . . ^ Castor fiber. 



Wolf ..... Canis lupus. 



Fox . . . . G. vulpes. 



Stag ..... Gervus elaphus. 



Roe ..... (7. capreolus. 



Urus ..... Bos primigenius. 



Wild boar .... Sus scrofa. 



Horse ..... Equus caballus. 



New Comers, Extinct Species. 



Extinct beaver .... Trogontherium cuvieri. 



Cave bear .... Ursus spelceus. 



Deer of the Carnutes . . Cervus carnutorum. 



Thick-antlered deer ... (7. verticornis. 



Irish elk .... Megaceros hibernicus. 



Mammoth .... Elephas primigenius. 

 Straight-tusked elephant . . ' E. antiquus. 



The proportion of eight Pleioeene survivals as com- 

 pared with twenty incoming species in a total of twenty- 

 eight, marks the enormous revolution which took place 

 in the fauna of Europe at the close of the Pleioeene age, 

 a revolution that is still further emphasised by the living 

 species, amounting to no less than thirteen, as compared 

 with the solitary living Pleioeene species. 



Physical Relations of Forest-Bed. 



The forest-bed, 1 in which the fauna and flora above 

 mentioned are met with, extends from the base of the 

 cliffs of Norfolk from between high and low water mark 

 out to sea, passing inland under the cliff, in which it is 

 covered up by strata that testify to the gradual lowering 



1 For further details relating to forest-bed and associated strata see 

 Lyell, Antiquity of Man, 4th edit. p. 254. Prestwich, Quart. ^Journ. 

 Geol. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 462 et seq. Searles Wood, Palceont. Soc. 

 xxv. Crag Mollusca. Introduction. 



K 



