CHAP, vi.] MID PLEISTOCENE MAMMALIA. 135 



or had retreated southwards from Britain and France 

 into Italy. 



Mid Pleistocene Mammalia. 



Survivals from Early Pleistocene Living Species =11. 



Brown bear . . Ursus arctos ... x x x 



Wolf . . . Canis lupus ... x x X 



Fox .... (7. vulpes ... x x 



Stag .... Cervus elaphus . x x x 



Roe .... 0. capreolus ... x x 



Urus .... Bos primigenius . . x x x 



Hippopotamus . . Hippopotamus major , x x 



Horse . .. , Equus caballus . . x x x 



Wild boar . . , Sus scrofa . . . x 



Beaver . . . Castor fiber ... x x 



Water rat . . . Arvicola amphibia . . x x x 



Survivals from Early Pleistocene Extinct Species = 4. 



Irish elk . . . Megaceros hibernicus . x x x 



Big-nosed Rhinoceros . Rhinoceros megarhinus . x x x 



Mammoth . . . Elephas primigenius . x x x 



Straight-tusked elephant E. antiquus ... x x x 



Newcomers ^Living Species = 9. 



Man ...... . . . . -x 



Lion .... Felis leo . . , x x x 



Wild cat . . . Felis catus ... x 



Spotted hyaena . . Hycena crocuta . . x X 



Otter .... Lutra vulgaris -r x 



Grisly bear . . Ursus ferox ... x x X 



Bison . . . Bison priscus . . x x x 



Musk sheep . . Ovibos moschatus . . x 



Marmot . . . Spermophilus . . x 



Newcomers Extinct Species = 2. 



Woolly rhinoceros . R. tichorhinus . . x x 

 Small-nosed rhinoceros . R. leptorhinus f Ow. (= R. 



hemitoechus, Falc.) x x x 



