138 



EARLY MAN IN BRITAIN. 



[CHAP. vi. 



The Arctic Mammalia present. 



The most important point to be remarked after the 

 presence of man is that of two animals now only found 

 in cold climates the musk sheep (see Fig. 31) and 

 the pouched marmot. The latter has been recently 

 obtained by Mr. Flaxman Spurrell, with the bones in 

 such a position as to prove that the animals had been 

 surprised by "floods while hibernating, and drowned. 

 The first of these is now only to be found within the 

 Arctic circle in America, while the second lives in the 

 mountainous regions of Europe and the colder climates 

 of Asia. They prove that the arctic mammalia were 

 then in Britain. 



Physical Relations of Mid Pleistocene Strata. 



The physical relations of these strata, containing the 

 traces of man and remains of the mammalia, are very 



6. Surface soil of rainwash, 1 to 3 feet. 



- 5. "Trail." 



4. Irregular bed of flint gravel, 1 foot. 



8. Red and grey sandy loam, 4 feet. 



gj 2. Fine sands and brick-earths, 6 feet. 

 " 1. Yellow sand and gravel. 



FIG. 28. Lower Brick-earths, Uphall, Ilford. 



interesting from the possibility that they may belong 

 to a time before the glacial climate had set in. At 

 Ilford, for example, Fig. 28, the strata may be divided 

 into three groups, deposited under different conditions. 



