CHAP, vi.] THE LATE PLEISTOCENE GEOGRAPHY. 149 



mammoths found in Holyhead Harbour, off Torquay, 

 off the coast of Sussex, and in the North Sea. On 

 the Dogger Bank the accumulation of bones, teeth, and 

 antlers is so great that Mr. J. J. Owles, of Yarmouth, 

 collected more than 300 specimens from the fishermen, 

 who casually bring them up in their nets and dredges. 1 

 They belong to the bear, wolf, spotted hyaena, Irish elk, 

 reindeer, stag, urus, bison, horse, woolly rhinoceros, 

 mammoth, and beaver, and are to be viewed as the 

 remains of animals living in the district at that time, 

 and deposited by a river current, great with small, as in 

 the case of similar accumulations on the land. Had they 

 been deposited by the sea they would have been sifted 

 by the action of the waves, and the smaller would 

 have been heaped together in one place, and the larger 

 in another. The dead carcases had evidently been col- 

 lected in the eddies of a river that helped to form the 

 Dogger Bank, which rises to within eight fathoms of the 

 sea-level. Other testimony as to the former elevation 

 of the British area is afforded by the discovery of a fresh- 

 water mussel (Unio pictorum) at a depth of 50 to 100 

 fathoms, recorded by Mr. Godwin Austen, in the English 

 Channel, not very far from the point in the map where 

 the river (see Fig. 32) entered the Atlantic. From this 

 point the 100 -fathom line passes southwards to the 

 coast of Spain, and northwards far away to the west of 

 Ireland, turning eastward, north of the Orkneys, in the 

 direction of Norway, and dividing the gently undulating 

 surface of the plateau now submerged on the east from 

 the depths of the Atlantic on the west. This we may 



1 Since my examination of them in 1868, they have been transferred 

 to the British Museum, and have been catalogued by Mr. Davies. Geol. 

 Mag., Decade IT. vol. v. No. 3, 1878. 



