174 EARLY MAN IN BRITAIN. [CHAP. vn. 



CHAPTER VII. 



THE CAVE-MAN AND THE ADVANCE IN CULTURE. 



The Caves of Cresswell Crags. The Pin Hole. The Robin Hood and 

 Church Hole Caves. The Three Pleistocene Strata. The Lower Red 

 Sand. The Middle Cave-Earth. The Upper Cave-Earth and Breccia. 

 The Oldest Fauna in the Cresswell Caves. This Fauna in the Caves 

 of Yorkshire. The Caves of Castleton. Migration of Bison and 

 Reindeer. Bison in the District in Summer, Reindeer in Winter. 

 Man present with the Hippopotamus and Leptorhine Rhinoceros 

 in the Cave of Pont Newydd. Palaeolithic Men of the Caves 

 of Devonshire. The River-drift Men preceded the Cave-Men in 

 the Caves of France. M. de Mortillet's Classification. Chrono- 

 logical Sequence, based on the Associated Mammalia, unsatis- 

 factory. Cave-Men throughout Europe in the same stage of Culture. 

 Range of the Cave-Men compared with that of the River-drift 

 Men. Civilisation of Cave-Men. Dwellings. Domestic Pursuits. 

 No Pottery. Means of obtaining Fire. Implement-making. 

 Sewing. Dress and Ornaments. Hunting, Fowling, and Fishing. 

 Art. Engraving. Sculpture. Skeletons of Cave-Men. The Cave of 

 Duruthy. No Interments proved to be of Palaeolithic Age. Relation 

 of Cave-Men to River-drift Men. Cave-Men probably Eskimos. 

 Cave-Men not now represented in Europe. 



CAVERNS and rock shelters have been used as habitations 

 by man from the Pleistocene period to the present day, 

 and the traces of this occupation present us with a vivid 

 picture of the social condition of their inhabitants. They 

 also contain the remains of animals which enable us to 

 realise the corresponding changes in the animal life. 



