CHAP. VIL] THIS FAUNA PRESENT IN YORKSHIRE. 187 



three hippopotami had fallen victims to the hyaenas, 

 as well as several rhinoceroses of the small-nosed or 

 leptorhine species of Owen. The last two animals are 

 new to the district. No implements were found at this 

 horizon, and there is therefore no proof that the Palaeo- 

 lithic hunter was a contemporary of these two animals in 

 the district. Nor have the reindeer, the woolly rhinoceros, 

 and the mammoth, so abundant in the other caves of 

 Cresswell Crags, left any trace of their having invaded 

 the district at the time of its occupation by the lepto- 

 rhine species and the hippopotamus. 1 



This Fauna present in Caves of Yorkshire. 



The same animals as those of the lower strata in 

 Mother Grundy's Parlour have been found in several 

 caverns in the north of England, in the hyaena den at 

 Kirkdale, explored in 1822, as well as in the Victoria 

 Cave near Settle, and the Eaygill Cave near Skipton. In 

 these the hippopotamus occurs along with hyaena and 

 the straight-tusked elephant (E. antiquus), and in the 

 two first also in association with the leptorhine rhino- 

 ceros and the reindeer. In none is there any trace of 

 Palaeolithic man. 2 



1 For the details of this discovery, see Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond. 

 xxxv., June 1879. 



2 The occurrence of Palaeolithic man in the Victoria Cave, considered 

 by Mr. Tiddeman to be pre- or inter-glacial, is founded on a misappre- 

 hension. The bone supposed to be human turns out to belong to a 

 bear, and the cut bone said to have been found in an undisturbed layer 

 in association with the extinct mammals, has probably been cut with an 

 edge of metal, and belongs to a domestic sheep or goat, animals as yet 

 unknown in Europe before the Neolithic age. It is also identical in its 

 recent condition with numerous other bones of the same species cut in 



