192 EARLY MAN IN BRITAIN. [CHAP. vn. 



Man present with Hippopotamus in Cave of Pont 

 Newydd. 



Palaeolithic man has left no traces of his presence in 

 the caves of Castleton and Matlock. They have, how- 

 ever, been met with in several caverns in Wales, such as 

 those of Pembrokeshire and Monmouthshire in the south, 

 and in that of Pont Newydd, 1 near St. Asaph in North 

 Wales. In the latter a human molar tooth has been 

 found, as well as a quartzite implement, and rude 

 splinters and chips of quartzite, of the same type as 

 those of the red sand in the caves of Cresswell. The 

 pebbles of which these are made have been obtained from 

 the glacial deposits in the neighbourhood. We may there- 

 fore conclude with Professor Hughes, that^he Palaeolithic 

 hunter was here after the district was forsaken by the 

 glaciers and the sea, or in other words, in post-glacial 

 times, as in the parallel case offered by the river- deposits 

 of Bedford and Hoxne. ) It must also be remarked that 

 the leptorhine rhinoceros and the hippopotamus, as well 

 as the straight-tusked elephant (E. antiquus), bear, bison, 

 reindeer, and horse, are found with the quartzite imple- 

 ments in the Pont Newydd cave, which may therefore 

 be classified with those of Yorkshire and the lower strata 

 in Mother Grundy's Parlour. 



With this exception, the association of traces of man 

 with the remains of hippopotamus has, as yet, not been 

 observed in any bone caves either in this country or on 

 the Continent. The presence of the leptorhine rhino- 

 ceros, hippopotamus, and straight - tusked elephant, 

 probably marks the earliest phase of the occupation of 

 the caves of Europe by the Palaeolithic hunter. 



1 Cave-hunting, viii. 



