CHAP. vii.]. MAMMALIA NO TEST OF AGE. 203 



of the caves of the three last stages. The differences are 

 of the same order as those observed by Arctic explorers 

 among various tribes of Eskimos, some of which are rich 

 and admirably equipped for the battle of life, others poor, 

 and without the higher forms of implements and 

 weapons : but nevertheless all their implements are to be 

 referred to the same race, and to be grouped together as 

 belonging to the same stage of culture. 



Cave-Men throughout Europe in the same stage 

 of Culture. 



Nor are there any periods in the history of the Palaeo- 

 lithic caverns of Belgium, 1 Germany, or Switzerland, 

 well defined by different implements or by different 

 mammalian species. In them the characteristic imple- 

 ments of the three later ages of M. de Mortillet occur 

 in the same strata, in association with the remains of 

 the same animals, and therefore must be referred to 

 the same people in the same stage of culture as that 

 observed in the caves of France and Britain. 



Chronological Sequence based on the Mammalia- 

 unsatisfactory. 



Nor does an appeal to the variations presented by the 

 fauna aid us in making a chronological sequence, as I 

 have shown in my work on Cave -hunting, for the 

 hunters in each district would live on whatever animals 

 they could catch, and the abundance of reindeer in one 

 cave, as compared with that of horses or cave-bears in 



1 Dupont divides the caves of Belgium into those of the " Age du Mam- 

 moth " and "Age du Eenne." These animals, however, occur in both series. 



