CHAP, viz.] HUMAN REMAINS IN DURUTHY CAVE. 227 



earth with flint flakes and fragments of charcoal (1), in 

 the upper part of which was a thin layer of soil, black 

 with charcoal (2), replaced on the inner side by a yellow 

 loam, in which no less than forty canine teeth of bear, 

 and three canine teeth of lion, perforated for suspen- 

 sion, were found lying side by side, in such a manner 

 as to prove that they had formed part of a necklace (B). 

 On this layer rested a crushed human skull (A of figure). 

 Then succeeded a thick accumulation of refuse (3), com- 

 posed of broken bones of horses, oxen, stag, and reindeer, 

 large quantities of ashes, and various flint implements, 

 scrapers, flakes, and the like, of the usual Palaeolithic 

 types, as well as a few scattered human phalanges. This 

 in its turn was covered by a thick talus (4), which had 

 fallen from the cliff* above, and completely masked the 

 rock-shelter. In it the large blocks of stone fallen from 

 the cliff*, and which were to be observed also in No. 3, 

 had evidently been arranged on the inner side so as to 

 form a barrier, and on the removal of this a sepulchral 

 vault (D) was exposed to view, containing numerous 

 skulls and skeletons, proved to be of Neolithic age by 

 beautifully chipped implements, one of which bore marks 

 of grinding. There were also rude fragments of pottery, 

 and various implements of bone of the usual Neolithic type. 

 The bodies also had been buried in the crouching posture 

 so universal in interments of that age, and the entrance 

 had been blocked up with large slabs of stone obtained 

 from the neighbouring cliff. The talus had accumulated 

 during the long series of ages separating the Neolithic 

 age from the time of the discovery. The strata below 

 were undisturbed, and the Palaeolithic age of the human 

 skull at A was established by its position, as well as by 

 its association with the implements of that period. 



