232 EARLY MAN IN BRITAIN. [CHAP.VII. 



enough to allow of a series of migrations of man, or of 

 the development of a new culture in Europe. Its length 

 may be estimated from the fact that although the rivers 

 of Great Britain have not materially altered their courses 

 or lowered their valleys since the invasion of the Romans, 

 the rivers in the late Pleistocene age present both these 

 changes. The river Wily near Salisbury, for example, 

 quoted above, cut its way down upwards of 80 feet, and 

 developed a new course for itself, while the River-drift 

 men and late Pleistocene animals were living in the 

 district. These changes, measured at the present rate of 

 erosion, could not have been produced in a short time, 1 

 and when they are recognised as part of a similar series 

 of changes affecting the hills and valleys of the whole 

 of Europe they imply a vast series of ages. Further, 

 although the fauna of Europe has remained almost the 

 same from the close of the Pleistocene age down to the 

 present time, man and his influence being put out of the 

 question, various races of men in different stages of 

 culture have successively invaded Europe. It may be 

 concluded therefore that the identity of the fauna of the 

 caverns with that of the river-deposits can reveal nothing 

 as to the relation of the Cave-men to the River- drift men. 

 A strong argument in favour of their belonging to 

 two different races may be founded on their different 

 range. The River-drift hunter wandered over the whole 

 of Europe south of Norfolk, leaving traces behind in 

 Spain, Italy, and Greece, and through Asia Minor and 

 the whole of India. The Cave-man is restricted to the 

 area extending from the Alps and Pyrenees as far north as 

 Derbyshire and Belgium, and has not been as yet found 

 farther east than Poland and Styria. Had they belonged 



1 On this point see Evans, Ancient Stone Implements, c. xxxv. 



