CHAP. VII.] 



RELATION TO THE ESKIMOS. 



237 



the dwellers within the Arctic circle and the inhabitants 

 of the European caves. The stone spear and arrow 

 heads are the same in both. The barbed fowling and 

 fishing spears also have their heads at- 

 tached to the shafts in the same manner 

 among both peoples, and are of the same 

 form, as may be seen by a comparison of 

 Fig. 90 with Figs. 65, 66. The only dif- 

 ference to be observed is that they are 

 free from the deep grooves which charac- 

 terise most of those from the late Pleisto- 

 cene caverns. Some, however, of the 

 latter are without this ornament. The 

 same identity of forms runs through their 

 bundles of charms or amulets, composed 

 of perforated and variously cut teeth, 

 bones, and antlers, the marrow spoons, 

 and the daggers of reindeer antler. 



Certain implements found in the refuse- 

 heaps of Belgium, France, and Switzer- 

 land, and the caverns, formed of reindeer 

 antler, and perforated by one or more 

 holes, and very generally ornamented, are 

 known under the somewhat fanciful name 

 of " batons de commandement." If those 

 with one hole (Fig. 91) be compared with 

 with the peculiar instrument used by the Eskimos for 

 straightening arrows (Fig. 92), it will be seen that 

 they are of the same type, and probably intended 

 for the same purpose. The hole in those from the 

 caverns is generally round, while that in those of the 

 Eskimos is generally square ; it is, however, round in 

 one of the specimens in the British Museum. It must 



FIG. 90. 

 Eskimo Spear. 



