CHAP, vii.] CAVE-MEN NOT NOW REPRESENTED IN EUROPE. 243 



we shall identify the Cave-men not only with the long- 

 headed and round-headed races of men of Neolithic Europe, 

 but with men now living in France and Belgium. The 

 evidence, however, seems to me insufficient to establish 

 the Palaeolithic age of any one of the skeletons in the 

 above caves, 1 while the fragmentary condition of all the 

 human remains which are Palaeolithic forbids any specu- 

 lation as to the race to which they belonged. 



If we appeal to the arts of the Cave-men, and those of 

 their Neolithic successors in Europe, to be examined in 

 the next chapter, it will be seen that there is absolutely 

 no connection between them. The former had an extraor- 

 dinary facility in reproducing animal forms on their imple- 

 ments and ornaments ; the later had no idea of representing 

 animals. The whole set of implements and weapons also, 

 excepting such elementary forms as the flint flake, the 

 pointed bone, and antler, and the needle, are altogether 

 different. The hard-and-fast line of demarcation between 

 the two in every country where their remains have been 

 discovered would be impossible had the Palaeolithic race 

 or races been absorbed by Neolithic invaders. How, then, 

 can we account for their disappearance ? Simply by 

 assuming that at the close of the Pleistocene age, when 

 they came into contact with Neolithic invaders, there 

 were the same feelings between them as existed in Hearne's 

 times between the Eskimos and the Red Indian, terror 

 and defenceless hatred being, on the one side, met by 

 ruthless extermination on the other. In this way the 

 Cave-men would be gradually driven from Europe, with- 

 out leaving any mark on the succeeding peoples either in 

 blood or in manners and customs. 



1 My reasons for this view are given in Cave-hunting, c. vii. 



