CHAP, viii.] CLIMATE. 255 



malia. It must not be confounded with the older land 

 surface, nearly at the same horizon, and containing the 

 remains of the mammoth, at St. Audries, near Watchet, 

 in Holy head Harbour, and off the coast of Yarmouth. 

 Still less must it be confounded with the yet older land 

 surface under the boulder clay of Norfolk and Suffolk, in 

 which are discovered the southern elephant and the 

 other animals described in the sixth chapter of this 

 work. The southern elephant lived in Europe before 

 the mammoth, and the mammoth became extinct before 

 the introduction of the domestic animals. The faunas 

 to which these animals respectively belong indicate the 

 relative antiquity of the three ancient land surfaces 

 containing their remains, which cannot be ascertained 

 in any other way. 



Climate. 



The forests and morasses would probably cause the 

 Prehistoric climate to be more damp than that experi- 

 enced in Britain since the dawn of history ; while the 

 larger area of land would produce a greater contrast 

 between the temperature of summer and winter. The 

 presence of the reindeer and the elk as far south as 

 the valley of the Thames points to the same conclusion. 

 The Prehistoric geography, indeed, as well as the climate, 

 represents a middle stage in the series of changes which 

 Britain has undergone in its passage from a continental 

 condition and climate to its present state. 



This view is considerably strengthened by the evi- 

 dence brought forward by Dr. James Geikie as to the 

 geography and climate of North Britain at the time 

 when the forests now submerged were living. " No 

 island," he writes, " of the Orkney or Shetland groups 



