CHAP. ix.J THE IBERIC ELEMENT IN SPAIN. 323 



its more ancient sense. They have also left marks of 

 their presence in the name of the Loire (Ligur), and 

 possibly in Britain in the obscure term Lloegrians 

 (Lloegr). From the intimate manner in which they are 

 associated with the Iberians by classical writers, coupled 

 with their agreement in small stature and swarthy com- 

 plexion, it may be inferred with tolerable certainty that 

 they were related to each other, as the Frank to the 

 Goth, or. the Dane to the Norman, and that they belong 

 to the same non- Aryan branch of the human race. It 

 is also by no means improbable that the small swarthy 

 Etruskans, whose empire extended in the earliest times 

 recorded by history north of the Alps into Tyrol, and 

 who held dominion also over Lombardy, belong to the 

 same non-Aryan stock, since they were conterminous, 

 and were driven away from their ancient possessions by 

 the same invading peoples. Just as the Celt poured 

 down through central France, isolating the Ligurian and 

 the Iberian, so he poured through the passes of the Alps 

 into Lombardy, sundering the Etruskans of Khsetia and 

 Noricum from those of Etruria proper. In my belief 

 the Iberians of France and Spain, the Silures of Wales, 

 the Ligures of southern Gaul and northern Italy, and 

 the small dark Etruskans, are to be looked upon as 

 ethnological islands isolated by successive invasions, 

 pointing out that if we could go deep enough in past 

 time we should find that the whole of Europe was 

 inhabited solely by a swarthy non-Aryan population. 



Thelberic Element in the present Population of Spain. 



The physical characters of the races defined in the 

 preceding pages are still possessed by the present inhabit- 



