CHAP, ix.] IBERIC AND CELTIC ELEMENTS IN FRANCE. 325 



whom we are indebted for admirable maps, based on the 

 army returns for each department from 1831 to 1860. 

 These show the number of exemptions per one thousand 

 conscripts on account of their not coming up to the 

 standard of height of T56 metres (= 5 feet 1^ inches), 

 and therefore indicate the average stature in each depart- 

 ment. The intimate relation of stature to the prevalent 

 complexion may be gathered from the following table of 

 exemption per one thousand, the " departements noirs, 

 gris, et blancs" being occupied respectively by dark 

 peoples with black hair and eyes, people with brown 

 hair and gray or brown eyes, and people with light com- 

 plexions and eyes ; 



Departements noirs . 75 '47 a 174 '85 

 gris . 54-77 a 74'40 



blancs . 24 '39 a 54'11 



From this it is evident that the exemptions are nearly 

 thrice as many in the "departements noirs" as in the "de- 

 partements blancs/ 7 and we may therefore conclude that 

 the swarthy (see Fig. 113) inhabitants of France at the 

 present time are the shortest, and the fair the tallest. 

 The " departements noirs " are mainly centered in the 

 old province of Aquitania of Augustus, in which the jet 

 black eyes and hair and swarthy complexions of the 

 natives strike the eye of the traveller. We may, there- 

 fore, conclude that these characters have been handed 

 down by direct descent from the ancient Aquitani or 

 Basques (Aquitani, Auski [Auch], Eusques, Basques, 

 Vascones), with comparatively little change from the 

 infusion of new blood since the time of the Eoman 



these maps is confirmed by those published by Dr. Boudin, M&n. Soc. 

 Antkrop. de Paris, ii. pp. 227 and 231. 



