CHAP, xi.] NO COPPER AGE IN EUROPE. 397 



CHAPTER XL 



THE INTRODUCTION OF BRONZE, AND OF THE BRONZE 

 CIVILISATION, INTO EUROPE. 



No Copper Age in Europe. Copper Mines worked in Britain and Spain 

 in the Bronze Age. Tin-stone often associated with Gold. Tin in 

 Scandinavia, Germany, and Britain. Tin Mines worked in France 

 and Spain in the Bronze Age. Tin Mines in Tuscany worked by the 

 Etruskans. Probable Sources of Assyrian and Egyptian Tin. Bronze 

 introduced into Europe from one Centre. Knowledge of Bronze 

 derived from Asia Minor. The Early Bronze Implements in Europe. 

 The Development of the Bronze Industry in the late Bronze Age. 

 Local Centres of Bronze Industry in the late Bronze Age. Distribu- 

 tion of Gold in Europe. Distribution of Amber in Europe. The 

 Duration of the Bronze Age north of the Alps. Commercial Rela- 

 tions of Britain in the Bronze Age. 



No Copper Age in Europe. 



CUTTING implements of bronze gradually supplanted 

 those of stone, not only in the area north of the Alps 

 and Pyrenees, but also, as is proved by many discoveries, 

 in Greece and Italy, without any sign of an intervening 

 period when copper alone was used. Copper celts have 

 been met with in Ireland, Hungary, and France, but 

 most of them belong to well-known and highly-advanced 

 types in bronze, and more particularly so in Hungary. 1 



1 Among those from Hungary are socketed celts, and perforated axes 

 and axe-hammers. See Pulszky, Congr. Int. ArcheoL Prehist., Buda-Pesth 

 vol., 1877, p. 220. 



