CHAP, xin.] THE TRADE-ROUTE FROM MASSILIA. 475 



Danube through the mountains to the north of Greece, 

 as well as by way of Olbia and Hatria. The coins of 

 Philip of Macedon have been found in Germany, and 

 those of Massilia at Eoveredo on Koute I. It is very 

 likely that some of the beautiful designs so conspicuous 

 in the arms and ornaments of the Bronze age in Scandi- 

 navia, which up to the present time have not been traced 

 farther south than the Valley of the Danube, may have 

 been derived from Greece. It must be borne in mind 

 that just as amber from the north was distributed 

 through Italy and Greece, so in return were bronze 

 articles and glass beads exported to the regions of the 

 north. The influence, however, of Greece and of Greek 

 art seems to me altogether secondary in importance to 

 that of the Etruskans, who carried on trade with the 

 north most likely for many centuries before the Greeks 

 of Pontus found their way to the shores of the Baltic. 



The Trade- Route from Massilia. 



In the seventh century before Christ the Greek sailors 

 appeared in the western Mediterranean to dispute the 

 supremacy of the seas with the Phoenicians and Etrus- 

 kans. Kolaios, 1 a native of Samos, was driven by a 

 storm in B.C. 640 out of his course beyond the Pillars of 

 Hercules, and was the first of all the Greeks to reach 

 Gades or Tartessus ; and about one hundred years later 

 the Phocaeans, fleeing from the tyranny of Cyrus, founded 

 the city of Massilia at the mouth of the- Ehone, which 

 rapidly became an important place of commerce, and 

 exerted a great influence on the civilisation of Gaul and 

 of Britain. They introduced the Greek language and 



1 Strabo, iv. 150. 



