4 o6 A TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY. 



The cells of the epidermis, or so-called " stigma-epithel," may be 

 palisade-like, forming a more or less wart-like mass, as in the 

 viscous stigmas of the Umbelliferae, or the outer walls may be 

 modified to rather broad papillae, as in matricaria and arnica, 

 or they may be developed into hair-like processes, as in crocus. 

 The pollen tubes either enter, the style through an open canal, 

 as in the violets, or they penetrate into the conducting tissues 

 of the style, either through the papillae, as in malva, or through 

 the middle lamella of two neighboring papillae, as in Atropa 

 Belladonna. 



The important tissue of the STYLE is the conducting tissue ; in 

 styles which are hollow it forms the lining of the canal, the cells 

 resembling those of the stigma-epithel ; in styles that are solid 

 the conducting tissue occupies the central axis and consists of 

 somewhat elongated cells, the walls of which are generally thick, 

 frequently strongly refractive and possess the property of swell- 

 ing, being furthermore separated by large intercellular spaces. 

 Surrounding the conducting tissue are thin-walled parenchyma 

 cells, in which the fibrovascular bundles are distributed, the num- 

 ber of groups of the latter corresponding to the number of carpels 

 that compose the gynaecium. There may also occur secretion cells, 

 containing mucilage, as in malva, or oil and resin, as in matri- 

 caria. Occasionally, the parenchyma is replaced either in part 

 or entirely by mechanical cells, and the epidermal cells may be 

 modified to hairs. 



The tissues of the OVARY are, as a rule, in a very rudimentary 

 condition ; in fact, so rudimentary that it is difficult to distinguish 

 the ovaries of two flowers that develop into quite different fruits. 

 In some instances it is said that, notwithstanding the subsequent 

 changes, each cell of the fruit is already indicated in the ovary. 

 The ovary possesses an outer and an inner epidermis; the outer 

 is provided with stomata and. may also possess hairs; the inner 

 may also have stomata and after fertilization may develop secre- 

 tion hairs, as in the orange. Between the epidermal layers occur 

 thin-walled parenchyma cells which contain leucoplastids and 

 chloroplastids, and in which the fibrovascular bundles are dis- 

 tributed, these being usually simple, or complex, as in the pea. 

 The number of fibrovascular bundles is more or less dependent 



