MORPHOLOGY OF HIGHER PLANTS. 409 



FIG. 236. Different types of fruits. A, silique of mustard showing the separation of 

 the two valves leaving the seeds attached to the central axis; B, spinous capsule of Stra- 

 monium showing septifragal dehiscence into four valves, the capsule being strictly 2- 

 locular but apparently 4-locular owing to the formation of false dissepiments; C, s-valved 

 capsule of Geranium in which the carpels become detached from one another and roll up- 

 wards remaining attached to the beak-like compound style; D, capsule of Hyoscyamus 

 showing transverse dehiscence by means of a lid (i) and the two loculi containing numerous 

 small seeds; E, fruit of strawberry showing fleshy torus and numerous embedded akenes; 

 F, silicula of shepherd's-purse showing seeds attached to central axis and longitudinal 

 dehiscence of the valves which remain attached below; G, fruit of rose, so-called rose "hip," 

 the akenes being enclosed by the hollow oval torus which shows remains of calyx at the 

 apex; H, multiple fruit of mulberry composed of small drupes, the pulpy portion of each 

 consisting of the fleshy perianth. Adapted from Warming. 



but also of other parts of the flower and torus which persist or 

 develop with it. 



