MORPHOLOGY OF HIGHER PLANTS. 



421 



From a number of flowers. 



From a single 

 flower 



A. With a compound pistil. 



a. Indehlscent 



Dry.... 



Fleshy , 



b. Dehiscent ] Dry 



Strobile or Cone 



Sorosis 



Syconium 

 (Achene 



Caryopsis 



Cremocarp 



Nut 



Samara 



Utricle 



Berry 



Drupe 



Etaerio 



Hesperidium 



Pepo 



Pome 

 f Capsule 

 1 Follicle 



B, With a simple pistil 



a. Indehiscent . . . \ Fleshy . . \ Drupe 



b. Dehiscent \ Dry 



[Follicle 

 I Legume 



THE INNER STRUCTURE OF FRUITS. 



The inner structure of fruits is quite variable and it is difficult 

 to treat of this in a general way. In the simplest fruits there are 

 three distinct layers, as in the capsule of cardamom, in which 

 there is an outer epidermis of isodiametric or polygonal cells, 

 an inner epidermis of more or less obliterated and elongated cells, 

 between which is a thin-walled parenchyma traversed by a number 

 of fib ro vascular bundles. 



In some cases the other epidermis contains numerous stomata, 

 as in poppy capsules, or is developed into hairs and other out- 

 growths or appendages, as in anise, arnica, sumach (Fig. 148), 

 and raspberry (Fig. 243). 



The inner epidermis may also contain stomata, as in the poppy, 

 or be developed into hairs, as in vanilla and orange, or more or less 

 obliterated, as in achene-like fruits, or modified to sclerenchy- 

 matous elements, as in drupes. 



