CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 571 



500 fj, long, the walls consisting of cellulose. The term " kino " 

 is applied to the red astringent juices obtained from a number of 

 plants. " AMERICAN KINO " is a synonym sometimes applied to 

 the extract of Geranium maculatum (Fam. Geraniacese). 



Pterocarpus santalinus is a small tree with trifoliate leaves, 

 and flowers and fruits resembling those of P. Marsupiuin. The 

 heart-wood is official. 



Hccmatoxylon campechianum is a small tree with irregular 

 spinous branches. The leaves are 8- to lo-foliate, the leaflets being 

 sessile and obcordate. The flowers are fragrant, have a purple 

 calyx and yellow corolla, and are in racemes. The fruit is a 

 slender, lanceolate, flat pod, which dehisces laterally instead of 

 along the sutures. The heart-wood of this tree constitutes the 

 commercial Logwood, of which about 200,000 pounds are con- 

 sumed annually, its chief use being as a dye-wood. 



Krameria triandra is a shrub with a few, simple, ovate-lanceo^ 

 late, sessile, silver-white, glistening leaves. The flowers are com- 

 plete, having two purple petals and three stamens. The fruit is a 

 i-seeded, globular, prickly, indehiscent pod. K. Ixina, found 

 growing from Mexico to Northern South America, and K. argen- 

 tea of Northern Brazil, are distinguished by having flowers with 

 three petals and four stamens. The root is the part used in 

 medicine. 



Copaiba Langsdorffii is a small tree found growing in Brazil. 

 The leaves are 6- to 10- foliate, the leaflets being ovate-lanceolate, 

 glabrous, coriaceous, and glandular punctate. The flowers are 

 apetalous, and the fruit is an ellipsoidal, coriaceous, 2-valved pod 

 having a single glandular seed with an arillus. An oleo-resin 

 collects in longitudinal cavities in the trunk of the tree, often 

 amounting to many liters, and sometimes the pressure thus pro- 

 duced is sufficient to burst the trunk in places. The oleo-resin is 

 official as COPAIBA. The latter consists of 30 to 75 per cent, of a 

 volatile oil from which the sesquiterpene caryophyllene has been 

 isolated ; a bitter acrid resin and a bitter principle. A similar prod- 

 uct is obtained from a number of other species of Copaiba growing 

 in South America, as well as C. copallifera of Western Africa, and 

 Hardwickia Mannii of tropical Africa, and H. pinnata of India. 



An oleo-resin known by the natives in the province of Velasco 



