CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 593 



Agallocha) of Southern Asia and Australia, the juice of which 

 produces blindness. 



The gum-resin EUPHORBIUM is obtained from Euphorbia res- 

 inifera, a cactus-like plant of Morocco, and is also found in other 

 species of Euphorbia. It contains, among other constituents, 38 

 per cent, of an acrid resin, and 22 per cent, of a crystalline prin- 

 ciple euphorbon. 



The milk-juice of several species of Euphorbia is used in the 

 preparation of arrow poisons in Brazil. One or more species of 

 the following genera are used as fish poisons : Flueggea, Phyl- 

 lanthus, Bridelia, Exccecaria and Euphorbia. A number of plants 

 are used as remedies for the bites of serpents, as the bark of 

 Phyllanthus mollis of Java and Euphorbia pilulifera of South 

 America and India. Euphorbia pilulifera, common in tropical 

 countries, contains an alkaloid, a wax-like substance, several 

 resins and tannin. (Ph. Jour., 29, July 31, 1909, p. 141.) 



A camphor-containing oil is found in the bark of Pentalo- 

 stigma quadriloculare of Australia; the aromatic wood of Col- 

 liguaya odorifera of Chile is used as a substitute for santal and 

 on burning emits a rose-like odor; the leaf of Croton mentho- 

 dorus of Peru contains an oil with an odor of mentha ; a balsam 

 resembling Copaiba is derived from the bark of Croton origani- 

 folius of the West Indies ; methylamine is found in Mercurialis 

 annua of Europe and other species of Mercurialis. Tannin is 

 found in the following genera: Macaranga, Phyllanthus and 

 Bridelia; Brazil kino is obtained from a species of Croton (C. 

 erythrceus?) of Brazil. A gum-lac is formed on the stems of 

 Aleurites laccifera of the Antilles and Ceylon as a result of the 

 sting of an insect, and contains among other substances a large 

 amount of methyl- and ceryl-alcohols, and a substance resembling 

 abietic acid. The sap of Euphorbia Cyparissias of Europe yields 

 a resin which is sometimes substituted for scammony. 



A reddish resinous substance resembling dragon's blood is 

 obtained from Croton erythrema of Brazil; a yellow coloring 

 principle is found in the seed of Croton tinctorius of Mexico; 

 poncetin, a violet coloring principle, occurs in Euphorbia hetero- 

 phylla of Brazil; a blue coloring principle is found in Chrozo- 



phora tinctoria of Southern Europe and Africa and in Argitham- 

 38 



