CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 639 



decompound leaves and small, white flowers (Figs. 346, 347). 

 The fruit as well as the leaves is used in medicine. 



Carum Carvi (Caraway) is a biennial herb with bi- or tri- 

 pinnate, deeply incised leaves, and white flowers. The fruit is 

 official and the leaves are also used in medicine. 



Pimpinella Anisum is a small, hairy, annual herb. The leaves 

 are variable, the lower being somewhat cordate and serrate, the 

 middle distinctly lobed, and the upper ones trifid ; the flowers are 

 white. The fruit is official and is also used for flavoring. 



Fceniculum vulgar e is an annual or perennial, glabrous herb 

 with very finely dissected leaves, the divisions being narrow-linear. 

 The flowers are yellow, and the involucre and involucels are 

 wanting. The fruit is official. 



Ferula fcctida is a stout, perennial herb with few, ternately 

 compound leaves and small, polygamous, light yellow flowers. The 

 root is rather large and yields the gum-resin asafetida. Asafetida 

 is also derived from other species of Ferula. 



Ferula Sumbul is a tall perennial herb with purplish latex- 

 containing stems. The basal leaves are ternately compound and 

 with amplexicaul base. The leaves decrease in size from the base 

 upward, becoming bract-like near the inflorescence. The flowers 

 are polygamous, resembling those of F. fcetida. The root is official 

 and is probably also obtained from other closely, related species of 

 Ferula. 



A large number of the plants belonging to the Umbelli ferae 

 contain essential oils, resins, gum-resins and related substances. 

 The gum-resin AMMONIAC is an exudation found on the stem and 

 branches of Dorema Ammoniacum and other species of Dorema 

 as a result of the sting of an insect. The plant is found in Western 

 Asia. The gum-resin occurs in yellowish-brown, globular, or 

 somewhat flattened tears which are brittle, milky-white internally, 

 with a distinct balsamic odor and bitter, acrid, nauseous taste. It 

 contains a small quantity of volatile oil having the odor of Angelica. 

 AFRICAN AMMONIAC is obtained from Ferula tingitana growing 

 in Northern Africa and Western Asia. 



The gum- resin GALBANUM is obtained by incising the root of 

 Ferula galbaniflua and other species of Ferula growing in the 

 Levant. Galbanum occurs in pale yellowish-brown agglutinated 



