CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS. 661 



The fresh green olives contain a glucoside oleuropein, which 

 disappears on the maturation of the fruit. 



Fraxinus Ornus is a tree resembling the ash, with /-foliate 

 leaves, and polygamous flowers occurring in compound racemes. 

 The fruit is a flat samara with the wing at the apex. The sac- 

 charine exudation from this plant is official as manna. 



The white ash (Fraxinus americana) is a valuable tree on 

 account of the timber which it yields. The bark contains a bitter 

 glucoside, f raxin, the solutions of which .are fluorescent ; a bitter 

 substance, f raxetin ; an ethereal oil of a butter-like consistency, 

 and tannin. Some of these principles are also found in other 

 species of Fraxinus growing in the United' States and Europe. 



The bark of the fringe tree (Chionanthus virginica) of the 

 Southern United States contains an intensely bitter glucosidal 

 principle, chionanthin, and possibly also saponin. 



The leaves of the garden lilac (Syringa vulgaris) contain a 

 crystalline glucoside, syringin, and syringopicrin, both of which 

 are probably also found in other species of Syringa as well as 

 the bark and leaves of privet (Ligustrum vulgar e), which latter 

 plant is extensively used for hedges. 



b. LOGANIACE^E OR LOGANIA FAMILY. The plants 

 are variable in character, being herbs, shrubs, trees or vines. 



Yellow jessamine (Gelsemium senipervirens) is a twining 

 woody vine, sometimes trailing on the ground for a considerable 

 distance. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate and evergreen. The 

 flowers are bright yellow and dimorphic. The fruit is a septi- 

 cidally dehiscent capsule. The rhizome .and roots are official. 



Carolina pink (Spigelia marilandica) is a perennial herb with 

 ovate-lanceolate, more or less acute and nearly sessile leaves. 

 The flowers are yellow on the inner and scarlet on the outer 

 surface, and occur in a I -sided spike or scorpioid cyme. The fruit 

 is a loculicidal, few-seeded, 2-valved capsule (Fig. 361). The 

 rhizome and roots are official. 



Strychnos Nux-vomica is a small tree with broadly elliptical, 

 3- to 5-nerved, reticulately-veined, somewhat acuminate, cori- 

 aceous leaves. The flowers are whitish and in terminal cymes. 

 The fruit is a berry of varying size and contains several seeds, 

 the seeds being official. ;i ,1:.-:, 



