522 Edward Livingston Youmans, 



Moral Education, in the British Quarterly Review, and 

 throughout the argument every thing is again regarded 

 from the Evolution point of view. The general truth in- 

 sisted upon is, that the natural rewards and restraints of 

 conduct are those which are most appropriate and effectual 

 in modifying character. The principle contended for is, 

 that the moral education of every child should be regarded 

 as an adaptation of its nature to the circumstances of life ; 

 and that to become adapted to these circumstances it must 

 be allowed to come in contact with them ; must be allowed 

 to suffer the pains and obtain the pleasures which do in the 

 order of Nature follow certain kinds of action. There is 

 here, in fact, applied to actual life the general conception 

 of the nature of life previously inculcated in the Prin- 

 ciples of Psychology a correspondence between the inner 

 and the outer actions that becomes great in proportion 

 as the converse with outer actions through experience be- 

 comes extended. 



The essay on the Nebular Hypothesis was published in 

 the Westminster Review for July, 1858. The opinion was 

 then almost universally held that the nebular hypothesis 

 had been exploded, and the obvious bearing of the ques- 

 tion upon the theory of Evolution induced Mr. Spencer to 

 take it up. The conclusions that had been drawn from 

 observations with Lord Rosse's telescope, that the nebular 

 hypothesis had been invalidated, were shown to be erro- 

 neous; and the position taken that the nebulae could not 

 be (as they were then supposed to be) remote sidereal 

 systems, has been since verified. Spectrum analysis has, 

 in fact, proved what Mr. Spencer then maintained, that 

 there are many nebulae composed of gaseous matter. To 

 the various indications of the nebular origin of our own 

 solar system commonly given, others were added which 

 had not been previously recognized, while the view that 

 Mr. Spencer took of the constitution of the solar 



