HYDROCARBONS. 29 



3. Propyl Hydride ( Trityl Hydride), C 3 H 8 . 



In petroleum. Is formed like ethyl hydride, and 

 can be obtained most readily, though not free from 

 hydrogen, by the action of hydrogen in statu nascendi 

 (from zinc and hydrochloric acid) on propyl iodide or 

 isopropyl iodide. Colorless gas ; liquid below 17. 



4. Butyl Hydride (Tetryl Hydride), C 4 H 10 . 



In petroleum. The normal hydrocarbon diethyl 

 CH 3 .CH 2 .CH 2 .CH 3 is produced by the action of zinc or 

 sodium on ethyl iodide. Colorless gas ; liquid at +1. 



Pseudobutyl hydride (Trimethylformene), CH 3 . 



i OT-P* 

 CH j QTT3 is isomeric with diethyl. It is obtained 



from the corresponding iodide (see tertiary butyl alco- 

 hol) by the action of zinc and water. Colorless gas ; 

 condensable at 17. 



5. Amyl Hydride, C 5 H 12 . 



The normal hydrocarbon CH 3 .CH 2 .CH 2 .CH 2 .CH 3 is 

 contained in petroleum, together with the following 

 compound ; also in products of distillation of cannel 

 and boghead coal. Mobile liquid ; boils at 37 39. 



The hydrocarbon CH 3 .CH 2 .CH j ^ is contained 



in large quantity in American petroleum. It is 

 formecf by heating the iodide C 5 H n I from ordinary 

 amyl alcohol, with zinc and water to 142; by distil- 

 ling ordinary amyl alcohol over zinc chloride. (In 

 both reactions other hydrocarbons are formed at the 

 same time, particularly amy lene C 5 H'.) Colorless liquid ; 

 boils at 30 ; does not solidify at 24 ; specific gravity 

 0.626. 



The third hydrocarbon (tetramethylformene) 



CH 3 I ^ I CH 3 * s P r d uce( l by the action of zinc 

 methyl on the iodide obtained from tertiary butyl 



