46 DERIVATIVES OF ETHYL ALCOHOL. 



ethyl hydride. Colorless, very mobile liquid, of a 

 pleasant odor; specific gravity, 0.874; boiling point, 

 12, hence at the ordinary temperature gaseous. Burns 

 with a green-bordered flame. But slightly soluble in 

 water. It is converted into alcohol, with formation of 

 hydrochloric acid or potassium chloride, when heated 

 for a long time with water at 100 ; more rapidly with 

 an alcoholic solution of potassa. 



With chlorine, ethyl chloride yields a series of sub- 

 stitution-products. 



Ethylidene chloride, C 2 H 4 C1 2 =CH 3 .CHC1 2 . Is 

 the first product of the action of chlorine on ethyl 

 chloride. Is also produced by the action of phosphorus 

 pentachloride on aldehyde. Colorless liquid, boiling 

 at 58-59, of specific gravity 1.198. 



Further action of chlorine, finally with the aid of 

 heat and direct sunlight, produces the liquid compounds 

 C 2 H 3 C1 3 , boiling point, 75; C 2 H 2 C1 4 , boiling point, 

 102 ; C 2 HCP, boiling point, 158 ; and the final pro- 

 duct 



Carbon trichloride, C 2 C1 6 . Colorless crystals of 

 a camphorous odor. Fusing point, 160 ; boiling point, 

 182. But slightly soluble in water, readily in alcohol 

 and ether. 



Ethyl bromide, C 2 H 5 Br! 1 part of red phosphorus 

 is put into 6 parts of alcohol and 6 parts of bromine 

 added, the vessel being kept cool. After a time the 

 mixture is distilled. The distillate is shaken with 

 caustic soda, the oil which separates is freed of water 

 and rectified. Colorless, heavy liquid, boiling at 40, 

 of specific gravity 1.47. Bromine acts upon this com- 

 pound, displacing its hydrogen, forming thus ethylidene 

 bromide (ethyl bromobromide) C 2 H 4 Br 2 = CHACHBr 2 

 (colorless liquid, boiling at 110) and higher substitu- 

 tion-products. 



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Ethyl iodide, C 2 H 5 I, is prepared in the same man- 

 ner as bromine from 1 part of red phosphorus, 5 parts 



