DEKIVATIVES OF ETHYL ALCOHOL. 49 



and water some ether y 1 ^. Mixes with alcohol in all 

 proportions. 



Chlorine acts very energetically on ether, yielding 

 substitution-products: C 4 H 9 C10 = CH 3 .CHC1.0.C 2 H 5 , 

 boiling point 97-98 ; C 4 H 8 C1 2 = CH 2 C1.CHC1.0.C 2 H 5 , 

 colorless liquid, boiling at 140-147; C 4 H 6 C1 4 0, heavy, 

 yellow liquid with a fennel-like odor ; C 4 C1 10 0, color- 

 less crystals, fusing at 69. Concentrated sulphuric 

 acid forms ethylsulphuric acid; sulphuric anhydride 

 forms ethyl sulphate together with other products. 

 Heated with water and a little sulphuric acid to 150- 

 180, it is reconverted into alcohol. 



Ethyl-methylether (ethyl-methyl oxide), C 2 H 5 .0. 

 CH 3 , is formed by the double decomposition of sodium 

 ethylate and methyl iodide. Liquid, boiling at -f 11. 



Compound ethers. Alcohol combines with acids 

 to form ethers, water being eliminated. These may 

 be considered as salts, in which the atomic group 

 C 2 H 5 (ethyl) takes the part of a metal. Monobasic 

 acids can form only one kind of ethers, and this is a 

 neutral substance ; bibasic acids, as for instance sulphu- 

 ric acid S0 4 H 2 , can take up one or two atoms of ethyl. 

 In the first case there is formed an acid ether, a so- 

 called ether acid, which conducts itself as a monobasic 

 acid ; in the latter case, however, a neutral ether is 

 the result. Tribasic acids, finally, as for instance 

 phosphoric acid P0 4 H 3 , yield three different ethers, of 

 which one is a bibasic, the second a monobasic acid, 

 and the third a neutral compound. 



By boiling with alkalies the ethers are decomposed 

 into alcohol and acids. 



The ethers of most of the weaker acids can only be 

 produced by the simultaneous action of sulphuric or 

 hydrochloric acid. 



Ethyl nitrate, C 2 H 5 .O.N0 2 . 15 grm. of urea nitrate 



are added to a mixture of 80 grm. of nitric acid free 



of hydrochloric acid, of specific gravity 1.4, which 



has been previously heated with a little urea, and the 



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