88 ACETIC ACID. 



parts acetic acid and 6 parts phosphorus terchloride on 

 a water-bath. Colorless liquid, boiling at 55 ; is de- 

 composed by water, forming acetic and hydrochloric 

 acids. Dry chlorine gas converts it, in sunlight or in 

 the presence of iodine, into substitution-products: 

 C 2 H 2 C10.C1 (boiling point, 106), C 2 HC1 2 O.C1 and 

 C 2 C1 3 O.C1 (boiling point, 118). The same substances 

 are produced by heating mono-, di-, or trichloracetic 

 acids with phosphorus terchloride. 



Acetyl bromide, C 2 H 3 O.Br, is produced by the 

 action of phosphorus bromide on acetic acid. Colorless 

 liquid, boiling at 81. Yields with bromine liquid sub- 

 stitution-products : C*FI 2 BrO.Br (boiling point, 149- 

 151), C^Br'O.Br (boiling point, 194), C^iO.Br 

 (boiling point, 220-225). 



Acetyl iodide, C 2 H 3 O.I, is obtained by the action of 

 iodine and phosphorus on acetic anhydride. Liquid, 

 boiling at 108. 



Acetyl cyanide, C 2 II 3 O.Cy, is formed by heating 

 the chloride with silver cyanide. Liquid, boiling at 

 93. Conducts itself towards water like the chloride. 

 By being preserved in imperfectly closed vessels and by 

 treating with solid potassium hydroxide or sodium 

 hydroxide it is converted into a polymeric crystalline 

 compound (C 2 H 3 0) 2 Cy 2 , which fuses at 69 and boils at 

 208-209. 



Acetamide, C 2 H 3 O.NH 2 = CH 3 .CO.NH 2 , is formed 

 by distilling ammonium acetate and by decomposing 

 acetic ether by means of ammonia. The latter forma- 

 tion takes place slowly without the aid of heat, rapidly 

 when the substances are heated to 120-130. Colorless 

 crystals, easily soluble in water and alcohol; fuses at 

 78 ; boils at 222. Combines with metals (C 2 HWO) 2 Hg 

 and with acids (C 2 H 5 E~O.HC1.), forming unstable com- 

 pounds. 



Chloracetamide, CIPCl.CO.OTI 2 . Is produced 

 from ethyl chloracetate and ammonia at the ordinary 



