262 BENZENE. 



great many such compounds have been prepared and 

 carefully investigated. 



Diphenylamine, (C 6 H 5 ) 2 KE. Is produced by heat- 

 ing anilin with anilin hydrochlorate, and by distilling 

 anilin-blue (see Anilin Colors). Crystals, that fuse at 

 45, and distill, without decomposition, at 310. Is 

 colored deep blue by nitric acid. "Weak base. The salts 

 are decomposed by water. 



The hydrogen of the J^H 2 in anilin can also be dis- 

 placed by acid radicles. The compounds formed in 

 this way, which are called anilides, may also be con- 

 sidered as the amides of the acids, in which hydrogen 

 is displaced by phenyl. There are a great many such 

 compounds known. The following may serve as ex- 

 amples : 



Formanilide (Phenylformamide), C 6 H 5 .KH.CHO, is 

 produced by digesting ethyl formate with anilin, and 

 by heating equal molecules of oxalic acid and anilin 

 rapidly; in the latter cases secondary products are 

 formed. Prisms, fusing point, 46 ; easily soluble in 

 hot water, alcohol, and ether. In an aqueous solution 

 it gives a precipitate of sodiumformanilide, C 6 H 5 .Wa. 

 CHO, with concentrated soda-ley, which is again re- 

 solved into formanilide and sodium hydroxide by means 

 of water. "When distilled with concentrated hydro- 

 chloric acid, formanilide yields benzonitrile (p. 256). 



Acetanilide (Phenylacetamide), C 6 H 5 .E"H.C 2 H 3 0, is 

 .produced by mixing anilin with acetic anhydride or 

 acetyl chloride, and also by heating equal molecules of 

 glacial acetic acid and anilin together for an hour. 

 Colorless, shiny, lamellar crystals, that fuse at 112-113, 

 and volatilize without decomposition at 295. But 

 slightly soluble in cold water, more readily in hot 

 water and in alcohol. Treated with soda-ley it yields 

 acetic acid and anilin. 



CO.OTi.C 6 H 5 



Oxanilide (Diphenyloxamide), - 65 , is formed 



by heating anilin oxalate to 160-180, and, together 



