PHENOL. 291 



mixed with cresol and other bodies, reprecipitated. It 

 is purified by means of partial distillation and by cool- 

 ing that portion of the distillate that passes over be- 

 tween 180-190 down to 10 ; it is thus deposited 

 in crystals, from which the mother liquor is poured and 

 pressed oft*. 



Properties. Large, colorless prisms of a peculiar odor 

 and burning taste. Very difficultly soluble in water, 

 easily in alcohol. Fuses at 37.5, and boils at 182- 

 183. Poisonous. By the action of phosphorus chlo- 

 ride or bromide, it yields substitution-products of ben- 

 zene. 



Phenol-potassium, C 6 H 5 .OK, is produced by dis- 

 solving potassium in phenol and by mixing phenol with 

 concentrated potassa-ley. Fine, white needles, easily 

 soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. 



Phenolether, C^^O.C 6 !! 5 . Is formed when diazo- 

 benzene sulphate (p. 266) is mixed with an excess of 

 phenol. Long, colorless needles. Fusing point, 28 ; 

 boiling point, 246. Insoluble in water, easily soluble 

 in alcohol and ether. 



Phenol-methylether (Anisol), C 6 H 5 .O.CH 3 , is pro- 

 duced by heating phenol-potassium with methyl iodide 

 or potassium methylsulphate at 100-120; and by the 

 distillation of anisic acid or methylsalicylic acid with 

 baryta. Colorless liquid of a pleasant odor, boiling at 

 152. By the action of bromine or hyponitric acid 

 there are produced substitution-products; heated with 

 hydriodic acid to 130, it yields phenol and methyl 

 iodide. 



Phenol-ethylether (Phenetol), C 6 H 5 .O.C 2 H 5 , and 

 phenol amylether (phenamylol), C 6 H 5 .O.C 5 H n , are pro- 

 duced by the action of ethyl or amyl iodide on phenol- 

 potassium. Both compounds are liquid ; the former 

 boils at 172, the latter at 225. 



