QUINONE. 301 



b. Cymophenol. From potassium sulphocymolate 

 with fusing potassa. Yellowish, thick oil; boiling 

 point, 230. 



Benzyl-phenol, C 13 H 12 0=C 6 H 4 ^ 7 Is formed 



from benzyl chloride and phenol, like benzylbenzene 

 (p. 282) from benzyl chloride and benzene. White 

 needles of a silky lustre ; fusing point, 84 ; distils, 

 undergoing partial decomposition. 



b. Quinones. 



The quinones are derived from the hydrocarbons by 

 the replacement of the hydrogen-atoms of two neigh- 

 boring carbon-atoms by means of two united oxygen- 

 atoms. Nascent hydrogen and other reducing agents, 

 even sulphurous anhydride, convert them into phenols 

 belonging to the ortho-series. The latter treated with 

 oxidizing substances are readily reconverted into qui- 

 nones. 



1. Quinone. 

 C 6 H 4 2 64 



Formation and preparation. By oxidation of hydro- 

 quiiione, quinic acid, anilin, orthodiamidobenzene, ben- 

 zidine and orthoamidophenol. Is further produced by 

 the distillation of a number of vegetable extracts. Is 

 prepared most readily by heating quinic acid (1 part) 

 with manganese peroxide (4 parts), and sulphuric acid 

 (1 part diluted with J part of water). 



Properties. Golden-yellow prisms; fusing point, 

 116. Very easily sublimable; volatilizes even at the 

 ordinary temperature ; has a penetrating odor ; and ex- 

 cites to tears. Moderately difficultly soluble in water, 

 more readily in alcohol. 



Chlorine substitution-products of quinone are 



formed by the action of chlorine on quinone ; and by the 

 2(5 



