470 EESINS. 



of pepper; fusing point, 198; boiling point, 212. 

 Heated with phosphoric anhydride, it is resolved into 

 water and borneene, C 10 H 16 , which appears to be identi- 

 cal with the oil of camphor (from Laurus camphora), 

 occurring in nature, as well as with the non-oxygen- 

 ized portion of oil of valerian. "When the latter is 

 allowed to stand in contact with caustic potassa, and 

 then subjected to distillation, it is converted into 

 borneol. 



Borneol is an alcohol. Heated to 200 with acids, it 

 yields ethers, water being eliminated. Stearic ether, 

 C W H 17 .O.C 18 H 35 0, is a colorless, thick, volatile oil, solidi- 

 fying after a time. When borneol is heated with con- 

 centrated hydrochloric acid, a crystallizing chloride, 

 C 10 H 17 C1, is produced, which is isomeric with hydro- 

 chlorate of oil of turpentine, and very similar to the 

 solid variety of the latter. 



Bodies isomeric with borneol are contained in oil 

 of hops, cajeput oil, coriander oil, in the oil from 

 Osmitopsis asterisco'ides, and in oil of Indian geranium. 



Patchouli-camphor, C 15 H 28 0, in oil of patchouli, is 

 homologous with borneol. Crystalline mass. Fusing 

 point, 54-55 ; boiling point, 296. 



3. Meniha-Campkor (Menthol). 

 C 10 H 20 = C 10 H J9 .OH. 



Is obtained by distilling Mentha piperita with water, 

 and separates from the oil (oil of peppermint) that 

 passes over when subjected to a very low temperature. 

 Colorless, transparent prisms, of a strong odor and 

 taste of peppermint; fuses at 36, and boils at 210. 

 Combines with acids, forming ethers, like borneol; 

 when heated with hydrochloric acid or phosphorus 

 chloride, yields a liquid chloride, C 10 H 19 C1 ; and with 

 phosphoric anhydride a liquid hydrocarbon, menthene, 

 C IO H 18 ; boiling at 163. 



F. EESINS. 



This name is applied to a group of bodies but little 

 known, which occur, very widely distributed, in the 



