90 Fremonfs Expedition. 



ing the place of the grasses, and jfilling the air with the odor 

 of camphor and turpentine. Along Little Sandy, a tributary 

 of the Colorado of the West, were collected a new species of 

 Phaca (P. digitate) and Parnassia fimbriata. 



On the morning of the 10th August, they entered the defiles 

 of the Wind River Mountains, a spur of the Rocky Moun- 

 tains, or Northern Andes, and among which they spent about 

 eight days. On the borders of a lake, Grubos, in one 

 of these defiles, were collected ^S'^dum rhodiola, D. C. (which 

 had been found before south of Kotzebue's Sound, only by 

 Dr. James,) >S'enecio hydrophilus Nittt. ; Faccinium uligino- 

 sum; ^etula glandulosa, and JS. occidentalis Hook: E\ekg~ 

 nus argentea and Shepherdia canadensis. Some of the 

 higher peaks of the Wind River Mountains rise one thousand 

 feet above the limits of perpetual snow. Lieut. Fremont, 

 attended by four of his men, ascended one of the loftiest 

 peaks, on the 15th August. On this, he found the snow line 

 twelve thousand five hundred feet above the level of the sea. 

 The vegetation of the mountains is truly Alpine, embracing 

 a considerable number of species common to both hemi- 

 spheres, as well as some that are peculiar to North America. 

 Of the former. Lieut. Fremont collected Phleum alpinum ; 

 Oxyria reniformis, Veroiiica alpina; several species of ASalix; 

 Carex atrata, C. panicea : and, immediately below the line 

 of perpetual congelation, iS'ilene acaulis, and Polemonium 

 caeruleum, var. Hook. Among the Alpine plants, peculiar to 

 the Western hemisphere, there were found Oreophila myrti- 

 folia Niitt.^ Aquilegia cserulea Ton-.., Pedicularis surrecta 

 Benth ; Pulmonaria ciliata James; ^Silene Drummondii 

 Hook ; Menzies/a i^^mpetrce formis, Potentilla gracilis Dougl. 

 Several species of Pinus Frasera speciosa Hook ; Dodeca- 

 theon dentatum Hook; Phlox muscoides Nutt., <S'enecio 

 Fremoiitij, n. sp. Torr., ^* Gr.., four or five asters and Facci- 

 nium myrtillioides, Arnica angnstifolia Vafd; iS'enecio trian- 

 gularis Hook; S. subnudus, D. C, Macrorynchus troximoi- 

 des Torr. (^ Gr. Helianthilla unifloia Torr. ^' Gr.; and 

 Linadgris viscidiflora Hook. 



The expedition left the Wind River Mountains, about the 

 18th August, returning by the same route as that by which 

 it had ascended, except that it continued its course through 



