THE STRAWBERRY MARCH 1907 



sulphur mixture, and that the cost was 

 less. He said he had been able to hold 

 the scale in check by the use of soluble 

 oil, first employing it at the strength of 

 one to fifteen, and afterward reducing it 

 to one to twenty. Dr. Krauty's report 

 was not in harmony, however, with the 

 experience of the New York growers, 

 who have found nothing so satisfactory in 

 dealing with the San Jose scale as the 

 lime-sulphur mixture. 



Prof. P. J. Parrott, of the Geneva (N. 

 Y.) Station told the meeting of the results 

 secured in some cooperative work be- 

 ing done by the Station and fruit grow- 

 ers in the state who were treating some 

 old, high-headed apple trees. He found 

 that the best results on these large trees 

 have been obtained by using alternately 

 crude oil and the lime-sulphur mixture, 

 using one preparation one year and the 

 other the next. But on small trees they 

 had found nothing else so effective as the 

 lime-sulphur mixture. 



The following table showing cost of 

 making different spray mixtures was pre- 

 pared and presented by Professor Parrott. 

 In each case the quantity referred to is 

 fifty gallons: 



Bordeaux mixture $ .3^< 



Bordeaux mixture, with J4 'b. Paris green 



added 44 



Lime-sulphur mixture 50 



Lime-sulphur mixture, with sal soda . . .70 

 Lime-sulphur mixture, with caustic soda . .81 



Kerosene limoid, 10 per cent 82 



Kerosene limoid, 15 per cent 1.23 



Kerosene limoid, 20 per cent 1.64 



Scalecide, 5 percent 1.25 



Scalecide, 8 percent 2.00 



Scalecide, 10 per cent 2.50 



Crude petroleum 5.50 



Kerosene emulsion, 10 percent 65 



Kerosene emulsion, 25 per cent 1.56 



Crude oil emulsion, 10 per cent 67 



Crude oil emulsion, 25 percent 1.67 



After presenting the figures concerning 

 the annual loss to fruit growers through 

 insect pests quoted in the first article in 

 this issue, Prof. M. V. Slingerland of Cor- 

 nell spoke instructively upon some fea- 

 tures of the spray question from the prac- 

 tical viewpoint. He said, among other 

 things, that the best way to get rid of 

 borers seems to be to dig them out, but 

 coal tar has proved a good preventive, 

 and no bad effects have followed its appli- 

 cation during the growing season. 



Thorough cultivation is helpful in hold- 

 ing some insects in check; it is also well to 

 consider varieties which are resistant. 

 Spraying, however, must be the main re- 

 liance of fruit-growers in fighting insects, 

 although there has been much damage 

 by spraying with the wrong preparation. 

 Prof. Slingerland said that it was possible 

 the San Jose scale will prove a blessing 

 in disguise, for it will teach thorough 

 spraying. Of all the spraying now done, 

 less than half is well done, and there will 

 be much loss before growers appreciate 

 the danger of the scale. Spraying appa- 



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In spraying for codling moth, it was 

 recommended to use two pounds of arsen- 

 ate of lead to fifty gallons of water; or if 

 Paris green is used, use one-half to three- 

 fourths of a pound to fiif ty gallons of water. 



Among the speakers at this unusually 

 interesting meeting was C. B. Cook, of 

 Owosso, Mich., vice-president of the 

 Michigan State Horticultural Society. His 

 theme was "The Commercial Strawberry 

 Bed. Referring to systems of culture 

 Mr. Cook said that under some conditions 

 the matted-row system is very successful, 

 as is also the hill system under special 

 conditions, and in charge of the right men. 

 The hedge-row system is best for most 



f age 59 



growers, if rightly carried out. The speak- 

 er said the question of fertility is an im- 

 portant one, and he thinks he knows less 

 about it now than he thought he knew 

 when he started. At one time he gained 

 100 bushels of berries per acre from a 

 heavy application of raw phosphate rock 

 alone. Humus is very important in grow- 

 ing ■ strawberries, but where the straw- 

 berries are rotated with clover, and where 

 they are mulched, there will be plenty of 

 humus. 



Officers were elected for the ensuing 

 year as follows: President, J. R. Cornell, 

 Newburg; first vice-president, Ira Pease, 

 Oswego; second vice-president, Grant 

 Hitchings, Syracuse; third vice-president, 

 Luther Collamer, Hilton; fourth vice- 

 president, Albert Wood, Carlton Station; 

 secretary, E. C. Gillett, Penn Yan; treas- 



