THE STRAWBERRY APRIL 1907 



of custom who will most quickly and cer- 

 tainly build up a profitable and perman- 

 ent trade. 



J. K. B., Audubon, Minn. Is the rye you sow 

 in the fall "winter rye"? 



2. Does it ever winter kill through absence 

 of snow? 



3. Would it not be better to sow it the first 

 part of September instead of October in my 

 locality (northern Minnesota)? 



4. As it never thaws or rains here in the win- 

 ter to amount to anything till the latter part 

 of March (or until the sun crosses the equator) 

 how cm rye take up any leachings from m.i- 

 nure until the ground thaws out in the spring? 

 It almost seems to me that you made a mis- 

 statement in the January issue of The Straw- 

 berry (page 5) which reads in part as follows: 

 "Sow fi\e pecks of rye to the acre. This rye 

 in an ordinary season will be sufficiently 

 grown to shade the ground, and the roots will 

 penetrate the soil in such a way as to take up 

 the winter manure leachings. During the 

 winter when the ground is frozen, cover the 

 rj'e with well-decayed stable manure. When 

 evenly applied the manure will in no way in- 

 terfere with the rye, which will work its way 

 up through it." Now this rather sounds to 

 me as though the rye must continue to grow 

 even in frozen ground in order to work its 

 way up through the manure. For if the 

 manure is not applied until after the ground 

 is frozen I should think the manure (and rye 

 together) would so shade the ground as to 

 hold the frost back until late in the spring as 

 does the mulch on a strawberry bed. Other- 

 wise I should think the rye would cease grow- 

 ing after the first freeze-up in the fall and not 

 start to grow again until late in the spring. 

 In short, is it of any use to sow rye iii my 

 latitude (where the ground almost invariably 

 remains frozen "as solid as a rock" until the 

 spring equinox) except for the purpose of fur- 

 nishing humus to the soil? 



5. In speaking of tobacco stems for use on 

 the roots of plants to protect them against 

 ants and lice, do you mean ordinary smoking 

 tobacco or a different kind? Will any kind 

 of tobacco do? 



The rye we sow and recommend is 

 common winter rye. 



2. Rye is seldom, if ever winter killed. 

 Of course if it should be sown late in the 

 fall and fail to get well rooted, and alter- 

 nate freezing and thawing occurred durine; 

 the winter, it would be injured. 



3. If rye is sown too early in the fall, 

 it will make a large growth before winter, 

 and the following spring it will grow to 

 such a size that it will interfere with the 

 working of the ground; that is, it will 

 leave the ground too much like sod. The 

 best time to sow rye in your locality would 

 be about the middle or latter part of Sep- 

 tember, depending upon the season. 



4. The fact that your ground remains 

 frozen all winter is evidence that manure 

 would remain frozen, therefore there 

 would be no leachings. But in case your 



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ground should thaw and the manure start 

 to leach, then the rye would make use of 

 it. In the spring when thawing begins, 

 then is when the leaching would he in- 

 creased, and the rye would prevent the 

 waste. 



5. The statements you quote in the 

 January Strawberry on page 5, were made 

 after actual experience, on this farm for 

 years. We have seventy acres of rye now 

 growing that was covered with manure 

 during the winter months. The rj'e and 

 manure combined are peferctly shading 

 the ground, preventing the surface from 

 puddling during the rains. If fall weather 

 is favorable, and rye makes a good growth, 

 it will shade the ground enough to keep 

 it from thawing as rapidly as it would 

 without any protection. We certainly 



Page 113 



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