THE STRAWBERRY MAY 1907 



fine spirit have communicated themselves 

 to many others. Domestic economy of 

 the highest type naturally associates itself 



with a love for out-of-doors, and thus 

 do contentment, good health and a world- 

 inclusive intelligence abide together 



Insects in the Strawberry Field 



And How to Deal With Them 



By R. L, Adams 



THE insects that attack the strawberry and how to deal with them are matters of vital im- 

 portance to the strawberry grower. We present herewith the initial instalment of an 

 article dealing with the subject prepared for The Strawberry by Prof. R. L. Adams of Califor- 

 nia. The numbers of this magazine containing the series should be preserved for future 

 reference by our readers. Remember, that many of the insects mentioned appear only in par- 

 ticular sections of the country, and that many others attack the strawberry very rarely. But 

 the writer has sought in his comprehensive article to inform our readers everywhere and 

 thus prepare them to meet and cope with any emergency that may arise in their experience. 



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'.^- 



Why carry loads of water to apray! Do the •' 



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It puts the powder ripht to the Bpnt— under 



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Jn»4> 



WHEN a plant sickens and droops 

 the first step towards supplying 

 a remedy is to find the cause of 

 the trouble. If it is not from lack of food 

 or water, it should be examined for fun- 

 gous diseases. If these, apparently, are 

 not present, hunt for evidences of insect 

 work. Examine the leaves, roots and blos- 

 soms carefully, dissect the crown and large 

 roots, and lastly, look in the soil in the 

 immediate neighborhood for grubs, beetles 

 and the like. It is the insects which will 

 be considered here. For convenience the 

 injurious insects are divided into five class- 

 es according to the part of the plant they 

 infest: (a) root, (b) crown, (c) leaf, (d) bud, 

 and (e) fruit. 



It is impossible to list every insect 

 which attacks the strawberry plant, for, 

 as with nearly all cultivated plants, certain 

 insects are especially injurious in one part 

 of the country while others affect other 

 sections. So a description of only the 

 most injurious is given. A list covering 

 all that enjoy a banquet on this plant, 

 would be formidable and of little practical 

 value, as many attack it only secondarily. 

 The less important ones will yield to the 

 same general treatment as the others and 

 will seldom trouble. If a new species 

 is found at work send specimens to your 

 experiment station and they will give you 

 the necessary information. 



The first general class to be considered 

 are those 



Insects That Attack the Roots 



1. The white grubs are the worst 

 pests on the roots. There are several dif- 

 ferent kinds of grubs, but the work of the 

 larvae (young) of the June-bug, May 

 beetle or dor bug (Lachnosterna fusca) as 

 it is variously called, is typical and will 

 serve as a general example. They exist 

 in nearly all pasture and grass lands. The 

 glossy white eggs, one-eighth inch long, 

 are laid early in June around the roots of 

 some herbaceous plant, almost never in 

 plowed land. These hatch in about twelve 

 days and the young grubs immediately 

 begin to feed on the young rootlets. 



For two, possibly three, seasons they 

 live under ground before reaching matur- 

 ity, consuming an immense number of the 

 tender roots, so many indeed, that they 



the plants. By the end of the 

 season they make a small, oval 



often ki 

 second 



cell, three to ten inches below the surface 

 of the ground and change from a grub to 

 a mature beetle, a process called pupation. 

 The time required is about three weeks, 

 being completed by September. The 

 beetles, however, do not emerge until the 

 following spring, when they lay the eggs 

 for a succeeding generation. 



The beetles do great damage to fruit 

 and ornamental trees, feeding in large 

 numbers at night. 



Remedies — As the strawberries are very 

 susceptible to their attacks it is a poor 

 plan to set out a bed on land that has 

 been in sod previously for less than two 

 years. The eggs are not laid in plowed 

 or cultivated land and if some immune 

 crop follows the sod and then the straw- 

 berries, no fear of grubs need be felt. In 

 badly infested land, late deep fall plow- 

 ing, or the pasturing of swine and chickens 

 will help. Rotation of crops is the surest 



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Page 129 



