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tary to the Persian monarch. In the next reign, Cambyses, du- 

 ring his frantic Egyptian expedition, (if, -in fact, it ever took 

 place,) derived the greatest advantage from the assistance of the 

 Greeks of Ionia and Caria, who, with singular deviation from 

 those principles of liberty and independence on which the Greek 

 republics were originally founded, had enlisted as auxiliaries in his 

 own army and that of Prammetichus, his adversary, and were 

 the means of affixing in future, on all their successors, the dis- 

 graceful title of mercenaries. Nor was his land-army alone re- 

 cruited from the Greeks of that district ; they furnished him also 

 with a considerable navy, towards effecting the purpose of his 

 expedition. During the early period of the reign of Hystaspes, 

 the Ionian Greeks continued uninterruptedly to pursue the same 

 rapid career of wealth and commerce, and rose so high in na- 

 val renown that all the islands of the ^Egean-Sea either felt or 

 trembled at their power. Instigated, at length, by some daring 

 chiefs of their own nation, and some disaffected Persian nobles, 

 exiled from the court, confiding on their decided superiority in 

 naval concerns, and relying on the vigorous support of the other 

 republics of Greece, they endeavoured to wrest the whole of that 

 rich satrapy from the hands of the Persians. The result of this 

 bold project, and of subsequent very spirited efforts to accom- 

 plish it, proved very different from what their sanguine expec- 

 tations had predicted, and what in fact the boldness of the de- 

 sign merited; for, though the Athenians, enraged at some recent 

 insults received from the court of Sardis, joined them with a 

 considerable naval force, (the more cautious Lacedaemonians re- 

 fusing to have any share in the war,) and though Sardis itself 

 was taken by the united forces, and the greater part of that ce- 

 lebrated capital burnt ; yet the triumph of the Grecians was but 

 temporary, and their total overthrow, which followed almost im- 



