[ 192 ] 



CHAPTER III. 



The PERSIAN and GREEK History of this Period continued. 

 The Effect which the celebrated Retreat of the TEN THOUSAND, 

 under Xenophon, had on the future Conduct of Greece ' towards 

 Persia. AGESILAUS. The Peace of ANTALCIDAS. Persia 

 increases the Number of foreign Mercenaries in her Army, and, 

 by dividing, governs Greece. Rapid Rise and Decline O/THEBES. 

 PHILIP, King of Macedon, gains a decided Ascendancy over 

 the rest of Greece. Partly by Bribery, and partly by open Force, 

 subdues them. He is chosen Generalissimo of the confederated 

 Greeks against Persia. Philip assassinated by Pausanias. Es- 

 CANDER, or ALEXANDER, succeeds to his Throne, and exalted 

 Station in the Army of Greece. Persian Accounts of Esc ANDER, 

 and of his Motives for invading Persia. Alexander crosses the 

 Hellespont. Visits Ilium. Battle of the GRANICUS. He sub- 

 dues Asia Minor. Battle of Issus. Alexander conquers Syria, 

 and exterminates the Tyrians. Marches into Egypt. -^-Builds 

 Alexandria. Visits the Temple of Jupiter Hammon. Returns to 



Asia, and renews the War. The Battle of ARBELA. Death of 



j j 



DARIUS, and Extinction of the CAIANIAN Dynasty. 





THE decided superiority which the disciplined valour of a small 

 Greek army gave them over the enervated myriads of Persia, was so 

 effectually demonstrated by the important enterprise alluded to in 

 the preceding chapter, that the Lacedaemonian government, now 

 committed in open hostility with that of Susa, reinforced the re- 

 mainder of that invincible band, which had thus retreated under 

 Xenophon, with fresh troops, commanded by Agesilaus, a man 



